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		<title>左心室肥厚的先天因素</title>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Kelly Leung]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 29 Sep 2023 02:00:18 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[法布瑞氏症]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[左心室肥厚]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[心臟科專科]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[遺傳病]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[黃志遠]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[黃志遠醫生 心臟科專科醫生 &#160; 引起「左心室肥厚」的先天因素，主要是遺傳性疾病，最常見有以下兩種：  &#8230;<p class="read-more"> <a class="" href="https://rarelsd.mingpao.com/%e6%b3%95%e5%b8%83%e7%91%9e%e6%b0%8f%e7%97%87/%e5%b7%a6%e5%bf%83%e5%ae%a4%e8%82%a5%e5%8e%9a%e7%9a%84%e5%85%88%e5%a4%a9%e5%9b%a0%e7%b4%a0/"> <span class="screen-reader-text">左心室肥厚的先天因素</span> Read More &#187;</a></p>]]></description>
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<span style="font-size: 18pt;">黃志遠醫生</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">心臟科專科醫生</span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">引起「左心室肥厚」的先天因素，主要是遺傳性疾病，最常見有以下兩種：</span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<ol>
<li><span style="font-size: 18pt;">心肌肥厚症——我們身體每部分的肌肉，都由不同的基因主管它們的生長和發展，最常見的心肌肥厚症就是肌肉基因的變異，導致排序出錯，隨著年齡增長心臟某部分肌肉逐漸變得肥厚，常見可以在左心心尖、左心心底等位置出現。</span></li>
</ol>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<ol start="2">
<li><span style="font-size: 18pt;">法布瑞氏症——是近年較受關注的一種遺傳病。法布瑞氏症其實存在已久，文獻記載甚至已有過百年歷史，但過往未有相關的基因檢測技術，亦未有針對性的治療方法，所以這病一直不受關注。</span></li>
</ol>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">法布瑞氏症的患者，因先天基因疾病引致身體缺乏某種酵素，令身體無法正常排走醣脂質，醣脂質慢慢積聚，在身體裡造成一系列的症狀，包括左心室肥厚。這也是近年比較多人談論的，關於左心室肥厚的原因。過往由於大家對法布瑞氏症的警覺意識不高，患者常會被診斷為其他種類的心肌肥厚症。</span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">事實上，在過往來說，即便準確診斷出法布瑞氏症，因為沒有針對性的藥物,所以對病人的幫助也不大。但現在情況已大大不同，本港已有適用於法布瑞氏症的「酵素替代療法」，確診的法布瑞氏症患者，經醫生評估認為適合後，可每兩星期靜脈注射一次藥物，補充體內酵素，有助維持主要器官的生理功能，預防併發症包括左心室肥厚等出現。而它的治療方法和一般心肌肥厚症有很大分別，所以當發現左心室肥厚病人，建議進行血液以及基因測試以排除, 若確診法布瑞氏症，應積極采用「酵素替代療法」進行治療。</span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">左心室肥厚除了可引起心絞痛、容易氣促、心悸、頭暈、下肢水腫等症狀，也和兩大類心律不正：心房顫動、心室顫動有關，必須留意。心房顫動一般症狀是心跳紊亂，容易頭暈，並容易在心臟內形成血塊並隨血液流到腦部造成阻塞，大大增加中風的風險。而心室顫動更可怕，當左心室肌肉不論任何原因導致肥厚並維持一段較長時間，肌肉便有機會出現纖維化，就像皮膚表面的傷口結痂一樣，這些纖維化有機會形成心室過速或心室顫動，發作時輕則引起頭暈，重則可以突然失去知覺甚至心臟停頓，短時間內未能得到救治便會有生命危險。所以，切勿輕視左心室肥厚，必須盡快找出原因作適當處理。</span></p>
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		<title>形成左心室肥厚5大因素</title>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Kelly Leung]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 20 Sep 2023 03:30:48 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[法布瑞氏症]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[左心室肥厚]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[心臟科專科]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[心血管疾病]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[黃志遠醫生 心臟科專科醫生 &#160; 「左心室肥厚」可引起多種心臟不適的症狀，包括心絞痛、容易氣促、心悸、 &#8230;<p class="read-more"> <a class="" href="https://rarelsd.mingpao.com/%e6%b3%95%e5%b8%83%e7%91%9e%e6%b0%8f%e7%97%87/%e5%bd%a2%e6%88%90%e5%b7%a6%e5%bf%83%e5%ae%a4%e8%82%a5%e5%8e%9a5%e5%a4%a7%e5%9b%a0%e7%b4%a0/"> <span class="screen-reader-text">形成左心室肥厚5大因素</span> Read More &#187;</a></p>]]></description>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">黃志遠醫生</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">心臟科專科醫生</span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">「左心室肥厚」可引起多種心臟不適的症狀，包括心絞痛、容易氣促、心悸、頭暈、下肢水腫等，但究竟左心室的肌肉，怎樣才算「肥厚」呢？</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">左心室的心肌，一般來說比右心室和左、右心房厚，約10毫米是屬於正常的厚度；10至12毫米會定義為略厚；若高於12毫米就可算是較明顯的心肌肥厚，所以在影像學檢查上是有標準，可以量度出來的。</span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">大部分左心室肥厚，都是後天形成的，整體而言形成左心室肥厚主要有以下5大因素：</span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<ol>
<li><span style="font-size: 18pt;">生理性肥厚</span></li>
</ol>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">不久前香港舉行了國際馬拉松，其實在醫學上，不少馬拉松選手都有心肌肥厚的現象，原因是他們經常操練，其實操練時不只是練跑，更同時在操練心臟肌肉，就像經常用手舉啞鈴一樣, 上臂便會出現”老鼠仔”的情況一樣，心臟肌肉量漸漸增加而變得肥厚。這種我們稱為「運動員心臟」（athlete&#8217;s heart），意思是長期操練之下心臟肌肉作出適應而形成的肥厚。但這種肥厚並非病理性，而是屬於生理性，並且可以逆轉的，只需要停止操練一段時間，心肌肥厚便會消失。</span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<ol start="2">
<li><span style="font-size: 18pt;">高血壓——當血壓過高的時候，心臟每次泵血都需要較大力度，等於在不停操練它，因此日久也有機會形成左心室心肌肥厚。</span></li>
</ol>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<ol start="3">
<li><span style="font-size: 18pt;">其他心血管疾病的風險因素——例如糖尿病、膽固醇過高等，患者會傾向較容易有高血壓，所以亦有機會間接增加心肌肥厚的風險。</span></li>
</ol>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<ol start="4">
<li><span style="font-size: 18pt;">心瓣疾病——例如嚴重的心瓣阻塞、心瓣倒流等。心臟的正常泵血，每次把血泵出都應該很暢順，但若心瓣本身有收窄或倒流，每一下泵血時心臟都要做比正常多的工作，要用較大氣力才能抵銷心瓣的阻塞或倒流，於是也可能逐漸形成心肌肥厚。</span></li>
</ol>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<ol start="5">
<li><span style="font-size: 18pt;">先天因素 &#8212; 有部分的左心室肥厚是由先天因素形成(例如遺傳性疾病)，之後會再作詳細解說。</span></li>
</ol>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">治療後天因素引起的左心室肥厚,首要針對病因,例如控制血壓、以手術解決心瓣問題等。至於先天因素,現時也有各種針對性的治療方法。</span></p>
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		<title>左心室肥厚可引起多種症狀</title>
		<link>https://rarelsd.mingpao.com/%e6%b3%95%e5%b8%83%e7%91%9e%e6%b0%8f%e7%97%87/%e5%b7%a6%e5%bf%83%e5%ae%a4%e8%82%a5%e5%8e%9a%e5%8f%af%e5%bc%95%e8%b5%b7%e5%a4%9a%e7%a8%ae%e7%97%87%e7%8b%80/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Kelly Leung]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 14 Sep 2023 08:32:20 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[法布瑞氏症]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[左心室肥厚]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[心絞痛]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[心肌肥厚]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[心臟科]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[黃志遠]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://rarelsd.mingpao.com/?p=3250</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[&#160; 黃志遠醫生 心臟科專科醫生 &#160; 一般心臟疾病，常見的症狀包括以下幾種：心絞痛，例如胸口 &#8230;<p class="read-more"> <a class="" href="https://rarelsd.mingpao.com/%e6%b3%95%e5%b8%83%e7%91%9e%e6%b0%8f%e7%97%87/%e5%b7%a6%e5%bf%83%e5%ae%a4%e8%82%a5%e5%8e%9a%e5%8f%af%e5%bc%95%e8%b5%b7%e5%a4%9a%e7%a8%ae%e7%97%87%e7%8b%80/"> <span class="screen-reader-text">左心室肥厚可引起多種症狀</span> Read More &#187;</a></p>]]></description>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">黃志遠醫生</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">心臟科專科醫生</span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">一般心臟疾病，常見的症狀包括以下幾種：心絞痛，例如胸口翳痛；呼吸不順，容易氣促；心悸，即心跳紊亂；頭暈；下肢水腫等。無論任何形式的心臟疾病都有機會出現這些症狀。</span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">以心絞痛來說，因為心臟本身也是由肌肉組成，需要血液和氧氣供應，如果血流不足的話，便會令心肌出現缺氧、缺血。最常見例子是冠心病，因為血管收窄了，心肌的需求卻沒有減少，身體靜止的時候可能問題不大，但當做運動或心肌需要較多血液供應的時候，便會出現缺血的情況。</span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">反過來說，有些情況是心臟血管並沒有問題，但心肌本身出現肥厚，由於血管並沒有跟隨心肌肥厚而變粗，同樣地當身體靜止時不一定有問題，但當心肌對血液和氧氣的需求增加時，也會引起心絞痛。</span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">至於心臟問題引起頭暈，可以是因為缺氧或缺血，令心臟泵血能力減弱，部分血液無法上行到腦部而引起；或病人患有心律不正，每一下心跳和泵血的動作未能充分協調，影響血液輸送到腦部；也可以是因為病人患有心肌肥厚，阻塞了心臟血管的主要出口，影響腦部供血而產生。</span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">而呼吸不順、容易氣促等症狀，也有可能和心肌肥厚有關。打個比喻：一個充滿了氣的氣球，用手指按下去然後縮手，氣球表面會立即反彈；但如果是一個質料彈性沒有那麼高的「西瓜波」，按下縮手時它反彈的速度就會較慢。而肥厚的心肌就像西瓜波。心臟的工作就是泵血，然後放鬆時讓血液灌注進心臟，才可再進行下一次泵血。而肥厚了的心肌一般柔韌性較低，放鬆的速度比正常慢，就像城市外圍塞車，但未能在短時間內讓大量車輛進入城內，外圍便會愈來愈塞，逐漸「塞」至肺部，繼而引起氣促、呼吸不順等症狀。同樣的情況也可能會影響至周邊血液供應不足，無法滿足整個身體的需要，而引致氣促。</span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">最後就是下肢水腫，可分為兩種情況：當心肌放鬆的速度不理想，影響至左心室出現堵塞時，肺部有可能因「塞車」而引起肺積水，繼而令下肢出現積水、水腫；其次，部分左心室肥厚的人士去到某個階段，會出現無論泵血功能和心肌放鬆的情況都不理想，於是血流相對更慢，也會引致血液積聚在腳部造成水腫的現象。</span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">總括來說，大部分心臟不適出現的症狀，都有機會和心肌肥厚包括左心室肥厚有關，治療時必須先找出心肌肥厚的成因，對症下藥。</span></p>
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		<title>遺傳性神經肌肉病治療有突破</title>
		<link>https://rarelsd.mingpao.com/%e7%bd%95%e7%97%85%e8%b3%87%e8%a8%8a/%e9%81%ba%e5%82%b3%e6%80%a7%e7%a5%9e%e7%b6%93%e8%82%8c%e8%82%89%e7%97%85%e6%b2%bb%e7%99%82%e6%9c%89%e7%aa%81%e7%a0%b4/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Kelly Leung]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 02 Aug 2023 07:18:11 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[罕病資訊]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[呼吸困難]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[基因檢測]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[罕見病]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[肌肉無力]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[腦神經科專科]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[遺傳病]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[高遠]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://rarelsd.mingpao.com/?p=3233</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[&#160; 高遠醫生 腦神經科專科醫生 過往，「罕見病」（Rare Disease）幾乎是「沒有人關心」，甚 &#8230;<p class="read-more"> <a class="" href="https://rarelsd.mingpao.com/%e7%bd%95%e7%97%85%e8%b3%87%e8%a8%8a/%e9%81%ba%e5%82%b3%e6%80%a7%e7%a5%9e%e7%b6%93%e8%82%8c%e8%82%89%e7%97%85%e6%b2%bb%e7%99%82%e6%9c%89%e7%aa%81%e7%a0%b4/"> <span class="screen-reader-text">遺傳性神經肌肉病治療有突破</span> Read More &#187;</a></p>]]></description>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">高遠醫生</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">腦神經科專科醫生</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">過往，「罕見病」（Rare Disease）幾乎是「沒有人關心」，甚至「無藥可治」的代名詞，但在今天來說，由於診斷技術和藥物的進步，情況已經大大不同了。以「遺傳性神經肌肉病」為例，當中不少病其實已有針對性的療法，可為病人帶來極大改善。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">「遺傳性神經肌肉病」大致上可分為四大類：</span></p>
<ol>
<li><span style="font-size: 18pt;">遺傳性運動神經元病——當中較為人熟悉的包括：肯尼迪病 (Kennedy Disease)；脊髓性肌肉萎縮症(SMA)；肌萎縮側索硬化症 （ALS）等。</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 18pt;">遺傳性周圍神經病——是一組由遺傳因素引起的以周圍神經受損為主的疾病，可影響感覺，運動或自主神經導致相應臨床症狀。</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 18pt;">遺傳性神經肌肉接頭病——主要是因遺傳變異導致的神經肌肉接頭間傳遞功能障礙所引起的疾病。</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 18pt;">遺傳性肌肉病——是一大類主要累及軀幹、四肢及面部骨骼肌，以肌肉萎縮為表現得遺傳性疾病，某些特殊類型還會累及呼吸肌、心肌以及吞嚥肌，有的罕見類型甚至伴有大腦、內耳、眼或者皮膚等器官的異常表現。本港常見的類型包括面肩肱型肌營養不良症（facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy, FSHD），肌原纖維性肌病（myofibrillar myopathy, MFM）及強直性肌營養不良 (myotonic dystrophy, DM) 等。</span></li>
</ol>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">雖然上述遺傳性神經肌肉病影響身體的不同解剖部位，但其導致的臨床症狀卻大致類似，表現為肌肉萎縮無力、肢體出現麻木或刺痛感。某些罕見類型甚至會影響心臟或呼吸功能，出現心臟衰竭、心律不齊、呼吸衰竭等危及生命的嚴重併發症。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">以往因遺傳性神經肌肉病較為罕見複雜，且缺乏相應檢測手段及專科醫生，診斷上容易出現延診甚至誤診。近年來隨著化學病理學，神經肌肉影像學及臨床神經遺傳學的迅猛發展，神經肌肉病的診斷正確率不斷上升，確診週期大幅縮短。除了常規生化代謝、神經傳導及肌電圖、神經肌肉磁共振檢查手段外，遺傳性神經肌肉病的確診高度依賴基因檢測進行分子診斷。隨二代基因測序技術（next-generation sequencing，NGS）廣泛應用於臨床，加上政府主導的「香港基因組計劃」研究項目於大學教學醫院的實施，本港的遺傳性神經肌肉病精準診斷能力亦達到了前所未有的高度。但值得思考的是，檢測技術的進步無論如何無法代替最關鍵的臨床專科醫生的初步診斷。因為若初步診斷已經忽略了這些病的話，可能根本不會進行基因檢測；又或若診斷不正確，針對不相關的基因做了檢測，最終也難以作出正確診斷。因此，對此類疾病專科醫生的定向培養及加強培訓亦刻不容緩。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">目前，多種遺傳性神經肌肉病都已有針對性的治療。例如杜氏肌肉營養不良症，早期以藥物治療，現在更已有基因療法，是一大突破，因為遺傳性基因疾病若有方法透過基因治療，是最有機會治本的。此外，脊髓性肌肉萎縮症、家族性澱粉樣多發性神經病、龐貝氏症等也有了針對性療法。其中的龐貝氏症，患者因為<em>GAA</em>基因突變而缺乏一種特殊的酵素，令多餘的肝醣無法被分解，逐漸傷害肌肉的功能，但現今已有酵素替代治療，可以注射酵素幫助患者分解肝醣，改善肌肉無力、呼吸困難等症狀，並減慢整體病情惡化。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">在可見將來，遺傳性神經肌肉病的診斷及治療必將更有突破，這需要更多人士參與，尤其當有原因不明的神經肌肉病變時，病人或醫生都應更具警覺性，聯想到可能和罕見病有關，有助及早診斷讓病人得到適切治療。</span></p>
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		<title>【被遺傳病選中的家】法布瑞氏症可涉及一家幾代 醫生：基因篩查 及早治療 助家人正面面對</title>
		<link>https://rarelsd.mingpao.com/%e6%b3%95%e5%b8%83%e7%91%9e%e6%b0%8f%e7%97%87/%e3%80%90%e8%a2%ab%e9%81%ba%e5%82%b3%e7%97%85%e9%81%b8%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e5%ae%b6%e3%80%91%e6%b3%95%e5%b8%83%e7%91%9e%e6%b0%8f%e7%97%87%e5%8f%af%e6%b6%89%e5%8f%8a%e4%b8%80%e5%ae%b6%e5%b9%be%e4%bb%a3/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Kristal Lee]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 07 Jul 2022 02:30:06 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[法布瑞氏症]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[基因遺傳病]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[性染色體]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[溶酶體儲積症]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[遺傳病]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://rarelsd.mingpao.com/?p=3061</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[很多時都會聽到人們這樣形容家人：「我們流著相同的血！」「同樣的DNA，餅印一樣！」⋯⋯能成為親密的家人，正因基因的遺傳、血脈的相連，但如果發現基因出錯了？現年37歲的Flora，她70歲的母親早年確診法布瑞氏症，影響心腎健康，現時透過藥物控制病情。由於此病屬基因遺傳病，Flora後期透過基因測試得知自己亦屬基因攜帶者。一個遺傳病可以牽連一個家族，是因為基因。但卻也正正因為基因，有遺傳科及基因組學專科醫生指出，現時基因診斷科技已發展成熟，有助盡早找出家族中其他潛藏患者跟進治療，輔助家人共同面對基因遺傳病。]]></description>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">很多時都會聽到人們這樣形容家人：「我們流著相同的血！」「同樣的DNA，餅印一樣！」⋯⋯能成為親密的家人，正因基因的遺傳、血脈的相連，但如果發現基因出錯了？</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">現年37歲的Flora，她70歲的母親早年確診法布瑞氏症，影響心腎健康，現時透過藥物控制病情。由於此病屬基因遺傳病，Flora後期透過基因測試得知自己亦屬基因攜帶者。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">一個遺傳病可以牽連一個家族，是因為基因。但卻也正正因為基因，有遺傳科及基因組學專科醫生指出，現時基因診斷科技已發展成熟，有助盡早找出家族中其他潛藏患者跟進治療，輔助家人共同面對基因遺傳病。</span></p>
<p><strong><span style="font-size: 18pt;">性染色體遺傳 男性影響較大</span></strong></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">基因遺傳病聽起來有點複雜，有時即使是患者及家人也可能搞不懂。Flora也坦言，母親約20年前確診法布瑞氏症，醫療、科技也未如今天，當年他們一家對病症幾乎一無所知。後來當發現母親除心臟外，腎臟也有問題，才意識到兩個舅父亦因腎病早逝，「開始關聯到family tree（家譜）這件事，有機會遺傳到我們也可能有。」</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Flora媽媽患上的法布瑞氏症，屬溶酶體儲積症（LSD）類別病症，患者因GLA基因出現突變，令體內相關酵素不足，無法分解醣脂質，這些沉積的「垃圾」會影響心、腎或神經系統等功能，不同器官受影響程度，或因所屬基因突變型號而有不同。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">遺傳科及基因組學專科醫生莊淑貞指出，法布瑞氏症屬「性染色體遺傳」疾病，人體由一對性染色體來決定性別，男性為XY，女性為XX，法布瑞氏症的帶病基因存在於X染色體中，故此若女性從父或母遺傳帶病基因，只是其中一條X染色體受影響，另一條仍可正常運作，她們只屬基因攜帶者，未必早期便出現明顯病徵。但若是男性被遺傳，由於他只得一條X染色體，因此會出現明顯病徵，影響器官運作。</span></p>
<figure id="attachment_3122" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-3122" style="width: 1000px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="size-full wp-image-3122" src="https://rarelsd.mingpao.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Flora_cascade-screening_20220613_02_IMG_4943A.jpg" alt="遺傳科及基因組學專科醫生莊淑貞（圖）指出，像Flora這類家庭可接受遺傳諮詢服務，加深了解他們所屬基因遺傳病的基因突變情況、致病程度及遺傳模式，並協助生育規劃。" width="1000" height="667" srcset="https://rarelsd.mingpao.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Flora_cascade-screening_20220613_02_IMG_4943A.jpg 1000w, https://rarelsd.mingpao.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Flora_cascade-screening_20220613_02_IMG_4943A-300x200.jpg 300w, https://rarelsd.mingpao.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Flora_cascade-screening_20220613_02_IMG_4943A-768x512.jpg 768w" sizes="(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px" /><figcaption id="caption-attachment-3122" class="wp-caption-text"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">遺傳科及基因組學專科醫生莊淑貞（圖）指出，像Flora這類家庭可接受遺傳諮詢服務，加深了解他們所屬基因遺傳病的基因突變情況、致病程度及遺傳模式，並協助生育規劃。</span></figcaption></figure>
<p><strong><span style="font-size: 18pt;">追蹤篩查三四代 提早找出潛藏患者</span></strong></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">莊醫生說，像Flora這類病人的家庭，其實可透過遺傳諮詢服務，加深了解病症對自己及家人的影響，遺傳諮詢會向患者及其家人解釋疾病的基因變異情況、致病程度及遺傳模式等。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">當醫生掌握病症的遺傳模式，就可透過追蹤性家庭篩查（cascade screening），找出有機會受影響的家庭成員，通常至少追至家族三代，有時甚至四代：「我們會看上一代還有什麼人有機會是基因攜帶者，從而了解他下一代還有什麼人有風險，去建議哪位家庭成員需要檢查。」</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">莊醫生指出，以法布瑞氏症為例，可循基因診斷找出家族中其他病人，假設相關基因突變主要影響心臟健康，若發現部分家人有帶病基因，便可提早替他們做心臟檢查，當發現病徵時，便可及早用藥治療。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Flora和比她大兩年的姊姊10多年前透過基因診斷，確定屬於法布瑞氏症基因攜帶者，她們暫未有病徵，但在公營醫院恆常接受心臟及腎臟檢查，監察健康情況。Flora說，得知診斷後，自己也有加多注意健康：「都會吃得健康些、清淡些，保持早睡。」</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Flora媽媽現時則每兩星期在公營醫院接受針對法布瑞氏症的酵素替代治療，Flora形容，當年知道媽媽可以用藥，對他們一家帶來曙光，「如果她沒有每兩星期去吊針，會deteriorate（惡化）得很快。」除了幫助穩定器官功能，她認為更重要的是用藥為媽媽帶來心理支持：「其實媽媽用藥給了我們信心、曙光，看到起碼不會立刻死、起碼有得救。」</span></p>
<figure id="attachment_3123" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-3123" style="width: 667px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="size-full wp-image-3123" src="https://rarelsd.mingpao.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Flora_cascade-screening_20220613_03__DSC2349.jpg" alt="Flora（圖）的母親早年確診法布瑞氏症，她和姊姊經基因檢測確定亦屬此病的攜因者，現時在公營醫院獲安排恆常接受心臟及腎臟檢查，監察健康情況。" width="667" height="1000" srcset="https://rarelsd.mingpao.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Flora_cascade-screening_20220613_03__DSC2349.jpg 667w, https://rarelsd.mingpao.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Flora_cascade-screening_20220613_03__DSC2349-200x300.jpg 200w" sizes="(max-width: 667px) 100vw, 667px" /><figcaption id="caption-attachment-3123" class="wp-caption-text"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Flora（圖）的母親早年確診法布瑞氏症，她和姊姊經基因檢測確定亦屬此病的攜因者，現時在公營醫院獲安排恆常接受心臟及腎臟檢查，監察健康情況。</span></figcaption></figure>
<p><strong><span style="font-size: 18pt;">生定唔生？ 基因密碼助評估影響後代程度</span></strong></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">當Flora得知自己有遺傳病，在計劃生育時難免感疑惑，數年前她懷孕得了一女，就再沒勇氣「生多個」，因想像到若是男孩被遺傳到帶病基因，可能帶來很大影響：「若真的懷了男孩，怎辦呢？生唔生呢？」</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">莊醫生分享道，曾遇過不少「性染色體遺傳」疾病的女性基因攜帶者，誕下健康受影響的男孩後都會十分自責，她多會耐心解釋，一個男孩的性別由父母提供的XY染色體組成，兩方平等貢獻：「不是你令到他有病，你只不過contribute（貢獻）了一個基因給他而已……若不是爸爸給他Y染色體，他又怎會是男性呢？」</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">莊醫生又指出，即使自己或上一代患上基因遺傳病，現時也可透過基因檢測科技輔助生育規劃。以Flora的個案為例，在進行遺傳諮詢時，可透過檢視Flora和母親的基因分子診斷（molecular diagnosis），評估她們基因突變型號的致病程度，估算下一代的復發風險（recurrence risk）。莊醫生說，不同家庭有不同階段，不論是正計劃生育、生第一胎、第二胎等，都可按基因診斷提供不同輔導意見。若基因診斷顯示下一代風險高，甚至可選擇人工受孕，植入沒有帶病基因的胚胎生育。</span></p>
<p><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt;">References</span></strong></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt;">1. Arends M, et al. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2017; 28: 1631-1641</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt;">2. Viffiano E &amp; Politano L. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021; 22:7663<br />
3. Issa MY, et al. BMC Med Genomics. 2020 May 13;13(1):68.<br />
</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt;">This article is supported by Sanofi Hong Kong Limited</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt;">MAT-HK-2200453-1.0-06/2022</span></p>
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		<title>患「法布瑞氏症」可致心肌肥厚 或短壽20年 留意三大警號</title>
		<link>https://rarelsd.mingpao.com/%e6%b3%95%e5%b8%83%e7%91%9e%e6%b0%8f%e7%97%87/%e6%82%a3%e6%b3%95%e5%b8%83%e7%91%9e%e6%b0%8f%e7%97%87%e6%88%96%e7%9f%ad%e5%a3%bd20%e5%b9%b4-%e7%95%99%e6%84%8f%e4%b8%89%e5%a4%a7%e8%ad%a6%e8%99%9f/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Kristal Lee]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 24 Jun 2022 02:30:12 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[法布瑞氏症]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[心律不正]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[心肌肥厚]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[心臟衰竭]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[缺血性心臟病]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[超聲波檢查]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[通波仔]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[酵素替代療法]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[高血壓]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[「法布瑞氏症」（Fabry-Disease）是一種基因遺傳病。中大醫學院心臟科在2017年8月至2019年6月期間，邀請在威爾斯親王醫院進行心臟超聲波檢查、患有「左心室肥厚」的病人參與「法布瑞氏症」篩查研究，這次研究報告全文已在2021年出版的《Journal-of-Clinical-Medicine》發表。心臟科專科李沛威醫生分享了當中一個個案：現年63歲、籍貫潮州的陳先生，在40多歲時曾因缺血性心臟病而要「通波仔」。至2018年，他在運動期間氣喘，輾轉在公立醫院證實患上心律不正及心肌肥厚，遂參加了中文大學醫學院心臟科的「法布瑞氏症」研究及家族篩查。結果顯示，除了陳先生，他的姊姊、三位弟妹及其部分子女，也確診「法布瑞氏症」，或帶有致病基因。]]></description>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">「法布瑞氏症」（Fabry Disease）是一種基因遺傳病。中大醫學院心臟科在2017年8月至2019年6月期間，邀請在威爾斯親王醫院進行心臟超聲波檢查、患有「左心室肥厚」的病人參與「法布瑞氏症」篩查研究，這次研究報告全文已在2021年出版的《Journal of Clinical Medicine》發表。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">中大醫學院內科及藥物治療學系心臟科教授李沛威醫生表示，「過往，高血壓或心瓣病變被視為導致心肌肥厚的主因，本身有這些疾病的心肌肥厚患者，未必獲安排檢測『法布瑞氏症』。但這次研究證實，不少『法布瑞氏症』確診者同時有高血壓或心瓣毛病，換言之，心肌肥厚患者若因這些疾病而未獲安排『法布瑞氏症』篩檢，有機會延誤診斷。」事實上，經中大研究確診的8位病人，由發病至最終確診，平均延誤了8.4 年，最長延誤了18年。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">李醫生指出，「法布瑞氏症」過去因診斷不足，本港確診數字被低估。這次研究發現，8名「法布瑞氏症」確診者中，5人祖籍南中國；他們患心臟衰竭或心律不正的比率，亦高於其他非確診者。他建議，若心肌肥厚病人出現以下三大警號：心臟衰竭、心律不正或籍貫南中國，應檢測「法布瑞氏症」是否致病成因之一。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">確診者經臨床評估後，可獲處方酵素替代療法，以補充體內酵素。李沛威醫生強調：「若太遲治療，心肌肥厚可引致部分心臟組織纖維化，心臟功能下降便不能逆轉。所以，較年輕的高風險人士應及早篩查，及早開始治療，在病情輕微時開始用藥，可有效減輕及減慢惡化，避免難以逆轉的器官損傷。很多病人在用藥後，心臟功能都得以穩定及好轉。我們亦會鼓勵病友家人留意家族史，並進行風險篩查。」</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">他引述外國研究指出，男性「法布瑞氏症」患者若沒有得到適切治療，存活期中位數為50歲，較一般正常男性的存活期短了近20年。現時，本港已有適用於「法布瑞氏症」患者的酵素替代療法，確診的「法布瑞氏症」患者，經評估認為適合後，可每兩星期回公立醫院作靜脈注射，有助維持主要器官的生理功能，有效控制病情，預防併發症出現。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt;">資料來源：由心臟科專科李沛威醫生提供</span></p>
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					<description><![CDATA[不少人熱愛健身，像深蹲、掌上壓、仰臥起坐這些基礎動作，大部分人也可做到。若發現自己總是難以做某些動作，或運動後 &#8230;<p class="read-more"> <a class="" href="https://rarelsd.mingpao.com/%e9%be%90%e8%b2%9d%e6%b0%8f%e7%97%87/%e9%ab%94%e5%8a%9b%e5%b7%ae-%e5%ae%b9%e6%98%93%e6%94%b0-%e9%81%8b%e5%8b%95%e5%be%8c%e8%82%8c%e8%82%89%e5%8a%87%e7%97%9b-%e7%95%99%e6%84%8f%e8%82%8c%e8%82%89%e7%97%85%e8%9b%9b%e7%b5%b2%e9%a6%ac/"> <span class="screen-reader-text">【龐貝氏症】體力差、容易攰、運動後肌肉劇痛 留意肌肉病蛛絲馬迹</span> Read More &#187;</a></p>]]></description>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">不少人熱愛健身，像深蹲、掌上壓、仰臥起坐這些基礎動作，大部分人也可做到。若發現自己總是難以做某些動作，或運動後出現不尋常肌肉疼痛，便要加倍留神，這可能是肌肉病的徵兆。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">腦神經科專科醫生李至南治療過不少肌肉病患，最近一位前籃球員求診，曾是運動健將的他，現在運動後竟出現肌肉劇痛：「他以為自己『唔夠fit』，於是再加操，豈料愈做愈差。一般人做10下深蹲不成問題，他做完後『痛到七彩』！」李醫生查問病歷，發現病人多年前已有肌肉無力情況，但一直不以為意，遲遲未求醫。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">慢性肌肉病起初較難察覺，當中有些是遺傳病，如龐貝氏症（Pompe Disease），早於出生起已潛藏體內，病徵漸漸浮現，患者容易延誤診斷。</span></p>
<h3><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><strong>何止手腳？肌肉病牽連全身</strong></span></h3>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">提起肌肉病，一般人會先想到四肢和軀幹肌肉，其實肌肉病可牽連全身，李醫生解釋：「身體任何動作都要用肌肉，無論是吞嚥、頸部控制、眼球活動、手腳活動，其實就算是呼吸、心臟功能，全部也會受影響。」肌肉病徵狀包括肌肉無力、肌肉疼痛、體能下降、易倦等，李醫生列舉出一些例子：</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">．手：手軟無力、難抬起</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">．腳：行樓梯無力、深蹲困難、坐下後難以站起</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">．頸、背：無力支撐、脊骨變形影響姿勢</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">．心臟、呼吸：易氣喘，運動量下降</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">．眼球：出現複視</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">．口部：無力咀嚼、吞嚥困難</span></p>
<h3><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><strong>初期徵狀輕微 「行得走得」延遲求醫</strong></span></h3>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">即使病人察覺身體出現徵狀，也可能會聯想到其他問題，例如關節退化，或以為只是體能稍遜於人，一時看輕。如李醫生提及的個案，起初患者覺得打籃球氣力不繼，但日常依然「行得走得」，以為只是體力不復從前，後來連工作時搬重物、上落樓梯也受影響才求醫。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">李醫生說：「愈早求醫、愈早確診，愈早給予適當藥物，可改善生活質素，減輕病人負擔。」肌肉病種類繁多，治療前必需確認病因，有些源自免疫系統引起的發炎問題，有些是代謝或內分泌問題，大部分可醫治；另一類是遺傳病，罕見病龐貝氏症是其中之一。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">龐貝氏症跟遺傳基因變異有關，病人先天缺少GAA酵素，無法有效分解肝醣，過多的肝醣不斷積聚，損害肌肉功能。龐貝氏症可分為嬰兒型及晚發型兩類，前者可在出生數周發病，危及心臟和呼吸肌肉，惡化速度較快，若無適當治療，或會因心臟衰竭或其他併發症而死亡。至於晚發型，由於患者體內還保留了一點酵素，一般或直至20至40多歲才被診斷出來，通常心臟不受影響，問題主要見於肌肉活動和呼吸機能，由於呼吸影響睡眠質素，患者日間較易疲倦、精神難集中，有些患者可如一般人生活工作，也有些需用輪椅和呼吸機輔助。李醫生形容，病人情況不盡相同： 「可以好輕，可以去到好嚴重，每個病人走的路也不一樣。」</span></p>
<h3><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><strong>及早確診管理 改善生活質素</strong></span></h3>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">若一直任由病情惡化，肌肉會逐漸破壞、纖維化，較難回復基本功能，因此及早發現、及早確診管理還是重要。李醫生說，及早確診管理有助減輕和減慢身體退化速度，改善患者的生活質素，亦可提高嬰兒型患者的存活率。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">各種肌肉病徵狀相似，確診前需經過一系列檢查。李醫生說：「首先是臨牀判斷，病歷十分重要，要了解身體每一處徵狀、何時出現。」及後，醫生一般會抽血檢驗肌肉酵素、檢查肌肉抗體，先排除部分病因；需要時再進行肌電圖和神經傳導檢查，甚至抽取肌肉組織分析。若懷疑是遺傳病，就會抽血分析基因變異情況。對龐貝氏症這類遺傳病患者來說，致病基因有機會傳給下一代，及早確診，就可及早作生育計劃。</span></p>
<figure id="attachment_3018" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-3018" style="width: 667px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="size-full wp-image-3018" src="https://rarelsd.mingpao.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/resize_doctor_sanofi_KEN_0636_20220504_01.jpg" alt="腦神經科專科 李至南醫生" width="667" height="1000" srcset="https://rarelsd.mingpao.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/resize_doctor_sanofi_KEN_0636_20220504_01.jpg 667w, https://rarelsd.mingpao.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/resize_doctor_sanofi_KEN_0636_20220504_01-200x300.jpg 200w" sizes="(max-width: 667px) 100vw, 667px" /><figcaption id="caption-attachment-3018" class="wp-caption-text"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">腦神經科專科 李至南醫生</span></figcaption></figure>
<h3><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><strong>留意體能狀態 跟同輩比較</strong></span></h3>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">但在此前，始終要病人對自己身體多加留意，才可盡早發現蛛絲馬迹。李醫生建議，一般人可以跟自己過往的體能表現作比較，也可跟同輩比較，例如做運動，會否有些動作是人人做到，唯獨自己做不到？運動過後肌肉會否出現異常痛楚？ 若劇烈運動後小便轉為深色，也是肌肉破壞的迹象。如發現自己出現肌肉相關徵狀，可尋求腦神經科專科醫生意見，需要時作進一步檢查。</span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt;">References</span></strong></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt;">1. Lim JA, Li L, Raben N. Front Aging Neurosci. 2014 Jul 23;6:177.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt;">2. Hahn A, Schänzer A. Ann Transl Med. 2019 Jul;7(13):283.<br />
3. Di Iorio G, et al. Acta Myol. 2011 Dec; 30(3): 200–202.<br />
</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt;">This article is supported by Sanofi Hong Kong Limited</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt;">MAT-HK-2200313-2.0-05/2022</span></p>
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		<title>60後退休人士運動氣喘  揭患法布瑞氏症  醫生：可從心肌肥厚識別 及早用藥控制病情</title>
		<link>https://rarelsd.mingpao.com/%e6%b3%95%e5%b8%83%e7%91%9e%e6%b0%8f%e7%97%87/60%e5%be%8c%e9%80%80%e4%bc%91%e4%ba%ba%e5%a3%ab%e9%81%8b%e5%8b%95%e6%b0%a3%e5%96%98-%e6%8f%ad%e6%82%a3%e6%b3%95%e5%b8%83%e7%91%9e%e6%b0%8f%e7%97%87-%e9%86%ab%e7%94%9f%ef%bc%9a%e5%8f%af%e5%be%9e/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Kristal Lee]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 23 Mar 2022 03:30:52 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[法布瑞氏症]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[心臟科]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[遺傳病]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[黃志遠]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://uat-rarelsd.mingpao.com/?p=1939</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[人生下半場，過著愜意的退休生活，閒時周遊列國享受人生，這是70歲的魏先生早四五年前的寫照。但就在那時，60多歲 &#8230;<p class="read-more"> <a class="" href="https://rarelsd.mingpao.com/%e6%b3%95%e5%b8%83%e7%91%9e%e6%b0%8f%e7%97%87/60%e5%be%8c%e9%80%80%e4%bc%91%e4%ba%ba%e5%a3%ab%e9%81%8b%e5%8b%95%e6%b0%a3%e5%96%98-%e6%8f%ad%e6%82%a3%e6%b3%95%e5%b8%83%e7%91%9e%e6%b0%8f%e7%97%87-%e9%86%ab%e7%94%9f%ef%bc%9a%e5%8f%af%e5%be%9e/"> <span class="screen-reader-text">60後退休人士運動氣喘  揭患法布瑞氏症  醫生：可從心肌肥厚識別 及早用藥控制病情</span> Read More &#187;</a></p>]]></description>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">人生下半場，過著愜意的退休生活，閒時周遊列國享受人生，這是70歲的魏先生早四五年前的寫照。但就在那時，60多歲的他被診斷出嚴重心肌肥厚，與此同時迎來的，卻是一個聽名字也未必知道是什麼的罕見病 ── 法布瑞氏症。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">有份診治魏先生的心臟科專科醫生黃志遠指出，法布瑞氏症屬基因遺傳病，部分患者心臟受影響，出現心肌肥厚，嚴重可致心肌纖維化或心臟衰竭。近年醫護對法布瑞氏症意識日漸提高，有助及早識別患上此症的心肌肥厚者，及早用藥治療，控制病情，避免器官衰退惡化。以魏先生的個案為例，可見及時用藥有助穩住他的心臟功能。</span></p>
<figure id="attachment_1944" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-1944" style="width: 1024px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="wp-image-1944 size-large" src="https://rarelsd.mingpao.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/101-1024x683.jpg" alt="" width="1024" height="683" srcset="https://rarelsd.mingpao.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/101-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https://rarelsd.mingpao.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/101-300x200.jpg 300w, https://rarelsd.mingpao.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/101-768x512.jpg 768w, https://rarelsd.mingpao.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/101-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://rarelsd.mingpao.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/101.jpg 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption id="caption-attachment-1944" class="wp-caption-text"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">患法布瑞氏症的魏先生已屆七十之齡，但他求知慾仍很強，總是希望了解自己的身體和病症更多：「我常常覺得，我知多點，我可以幫到自己。」</span></figcaption></figure>
<h4><span style="font-size: 18pt;">10年間心肌肥厚愈趨嚴重 運動表現退步</span></h4>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">魏先生約2017年確診法布瑞氏症，回看確診過程，他卻說要數到2011年。那年他要做口腔小手術，護士留意到他心跳超過15分鐘也低於50，建議他求醫檢查。輾轉排街症、轉至專科，醫生一直未診斷出他有什麼大毛病。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">幾年後換上黃志遠醫生跟進，黃醫生指出，魏先生早年求診已有輕微心肌肥厚，但至他2017年接手時，發現心肌肥厚情況已趨嚴重：「起初（厚度）可能是13、14毫米左右，正常來說11、12毫米已是上限……但相隔五六年後已去到20毫米。」</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">魏先生憶述，同一時期他也發現運動表現不如前：「以前做運動呢，我太太氣喘我也未氣喘，到後來就是開始我氣喘，她還未氣喘！」本以為是心臟問題，但魏先生怎樣也想不到背後卻是另一個疾病所致。</span></p>
<figure id="attachment_1943" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-1943" style="width: 768px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="wp-image-1943 size-large" src="https://rarelsd.mingpao.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/102-768x1024.jpg" alt="" width="768" height="1024" srcset="https://rarelsd.mingpao.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/102-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://rarelsd.mingpao.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/102-225x300.jpg 225w, https://rarelsd.mingpao.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/102.jpg 1056w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" /><figcaption id="caption-attachment-1943" class="wp-caption-text"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">魏先生熱愛旅遊，說起早年到南美、冰島旅遊仍然興奮，雖然患罕見病令他必須改變很多規劃，但言談間他仍流露豁達心境。（受訪者提供）</span></figcaption></figure>
<h4><span style="font-size: 18pt;">心肌肥厚成因多 蛛絲馬跡尋出遺傳病</span></h4>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">黃醫生表示，診治心肌肥厚患者時，多會看看有否高血壓、心瓣問題，令心肌增生，「但最令人憂慮就是那些似是心肌肥厚的，但你沒有血壓高、沒有一個原因解釋為何心肌肥厚」。當時魏先生個案正屬此類，黃醫生於是思考會否與遺傳疾病相關，輾轉替魏先生進行抽血檢驗，最終確認是法布瑞氏症所致。黃醫生說，這也是他第一個循心肌肥厚確診出法布瑞氏症的患者。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">法布瑞氏症屬基因遺傳病，由於患者身體細胞溶酶體內缺少了GLA酵素，無法代謝醣脂質，導致它們在體內沉積，影響器官運作，此病可大致分為經典型及晚發型兩種。黃醫生說，魏先生屬心臟受影響的晚發型患者，多在中年後發病，因體內醣脂質積聚心臟致心肌肥厚。</span></p>
<h4><span style="font-size: 18pt;">酵素替代治療用得及時 穩住心臟功能</span></h4>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">現時法布瑞氏症患者可透過酵素替代治療，減慢器官受損。若要在公營醫院使用酵素替代治療，須先接受各項身體檢查，再由專家小組審批，最後魏先生在2020年初獲安排開始用藥。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">黃醫生指出，心肌肥厚惡化可導致心肌纖維化或心臟衰竭，慶幸魏先生的個案並非已到了出現後期徵狀才確診，現時用藥後，可見魏先生心肌未再增厚，心臟功能穩定。雖然無法完全逆轉心臟受損情況，但黃醫生認為：「至少你不要讓新的垃圾（醣脂質）積聚下去。」</span></p>
<figure id="attachment_2073" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-2073" style="width: 2560px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="wp-image-2073 size-full" src="https://rarelsd.mingpao.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/DSC9443_c_revised-min-scaled.jpg" alt="" width="2560" height="1707" srcset="https://rarelsd.mingpao.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/DSC9443_c_revised-min-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://rarelsd.mingpao.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/DSC9443_c_revised-min-300x200.jpg 300w, https://rarelsd.mingpao.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/DSC9443_c_revised-min-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https://rarelsd.mingpao.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/DSC9443_c_revised-min-768x512.jpg 768w, https://rarelsd.mingpao.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/DSC9443_c_revised-min-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://rarelsd.mingpao.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/DSC9443_c_revised-min-2048x1366.jpg 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" /><figcaption id="caption-attachment-2073" class="wp-caption-text"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">心臟科專科醫生黃志遠指出，心肌肥厚很多時因高血壓、心瓣問題等所致，魏先生的個案卻非如此，令他思考會否關乎遺傳基因，最終確診出屬罕見病法布瑞氏症。</span></figcaption></figure>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">魏先生則說，用藥後太太觀察到他運動時氣喘沒那麼嚴重。現時他須每兩星期到醫院注射酵素，對於熱愛長途旅遊的他來說，的確影響了他很多規劃，但他仍一貫樂天應對，去不了遠程旅行，換個想法，兩星期空檔也足夠回內地玩一轉吧。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">即使踏入古稀之年，魏先生面對疾病仍然積極：「我盡了我的力，總之可以幫到自己的，我盡量幫。」他亦不時提到希望了解自己的身體和病症更多：「我常常覺得，我知多點，我可以幫到自己，即我做到我自己可以做的！」</span></p>
<h4><span style="font-size: 18pt;">香港研究：<strong>500心肌肥厚者 8人確診法布瑞氏症</strong></span></h4>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">黃醫生認為，法布瑞氏症現時有針對性的治療方案，醫護對此病意識亦日漸提高，有助於更早找出病人。他引述中大近年曾進行的研究，在近500名心肌肥厚患者中，發現8人屬法布瑞氏症。黃醫生近5年亦曾安排接觸到的約90名心肌肥厚患者進行法布瑞氏症抽血檢驗，結果也找出兩名患者，「做多一小步，就有機會幫到那一小部分的病人，在不是太遲的時候開始處理。」</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">他指不排除仍有很多法布瑞氏症潛藏患者只正治療心肌肥厚等的心臟病徵，未被確診真正病因，建議心肌肥厚病人可進行篩檢，若及早識別，便可及早用藥控制病情。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">黃醫生說，一般人如家族有心肌問題病史，也可在30歲後開始恆常身體檢查，簡單如心電圖亦能初步識別有否心肌肥厚。</span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt;">References</span></p>
<ol>
<li><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Michaud M, et al. Am J Med Sci. 2020; 360:641-9</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Fan Y, et al. J Clin Med. 2021; 10:2160</span></li>
</ol>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt;">This article is supported by Sanofi Hong Kong Limited</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt;">MAT-HK-2200052-1.0-01/2022</span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
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		<title>外表看不見的罕見病　法布瑞氏症攻擊心腎　適切治療過正常生活</title>
		<link>https://rarelsd.mingpao.com/%e6%b3%95%e5%b8%83%e7%91%9e%e6%b0%8f%e7%97%87/%e5%a4%96%e8%a1%a8%e7%9c%8b%e4%b8%8d%e8%a6%8b%e7%9a%84%e7%bd%95%e8%a6%8b%e7%97%85%e3%80%80%e6%b3%95%e5%b8%83%e7%91%9e%e6%b0%8f%e7%97%87%e6%94%bb%e6%93%8a%e5%bf%83%e8%85%8e%e3%80%80%e9%81%a9%e5%88%87/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[swlee@mingpao.com]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 23 Mar 2022 03:00:28 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[法布瑞氏症]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[心腎]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[罕見病]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://uat-rarelsd.mingpao.com/?p=1881</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[談到罕見病，一般人或會聯想到病人身體殘障、五官或肌肉生長不正常的外顯病徵，但其實並非所有罕見病也是如此，法布瑞 &#8230;<p class="read-more"> <a class="" href="https://rarelsd.mingpao.com/%e6%b3%95%e5%b8%83%e7%91%9e%e6%b0%8f%e7%97%87/%e5%a4%96%e8%a1%a8%e7%9c%8b%e4%b8%8d%e8%a6%8b%e7%9a%84%e7%bd%95%e8%a6%8b%e7%97%85%e3%80%80%e6%b3%95%e5%b8%83%e7%91%9e%e6%b0%8f%e7%97%87%e6%94%bb%e6%93%8a%e5%bf%83%e8%85%8e%e3%80%80%e9%81%a9%e5%88%87/"> <span class="screen-reader-text">外表看不見的罕見病　法布瑞氏症攻擊心腎　適切治療過正常生活</span> Read More &#187;</a></p>]]></description>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">談到罕見病，一般人或會聯想到病人身體殘障、五官或肌肉生長不正常的外顯病徵，但其實並非所有罕見病也是如此，法布瑞氏症便是一例。有多年診治罕見病經驗的腦神經科專科醫生盛斌指出，病症多影響患者心腎等內在器官功能，如在出現病徵初期接受適切治療，「基本上都可以照常返工，不會令別人覺得他是一個病人」。法布瑞氏症屬遺傳病，若能透過家族史找出關連患者，更可及早監察徵狀，守護健康。</span></p>
<h3><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><strong>缺GLA酵素 影響神經心腎</strong></span></h3>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">法布瑞氏症（Fabry Disease）是溶酶體<span lang="ZH-TW">儲</span>積症的一種，人體每個細胞內都有溶酶體，像細胞的「回收中心」，負責分解身體沒用的物質，協助新陳代謝，若體內溶酶體中的某種酵素有缺失或不足，某些特定物質不能被分解便會沉積，損害器官功能。盛醫生解釋，法布瑞氏症患者缺乏了GLA（α-半乳糖苷酶A）這種酵素，以致無法分解結構較複雜的脂質分子，令病人神經系統、腎臟、心臟和血管壁受影響。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">法布瑞氏症可大致分為經典型及晚發型兩種，盛醫生指經典型患者在香港比較少見。香港現時約有50多名法布瑞氏症病人在公營醫院接受治療，當中只有3至4人屬於經典型，其餘均屬於晚發型。</span></p>
<h4><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><strong>經典型 被誤會「頑皮」小孩</strong></span></h4>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">經典型患者主要是男性，發病年齡約10多歲，他們多會因神經系統受損而出現身體劇痛，排汗亦較差，皮膚各處亦會因血管變形而出現斑點。盛醫生說病症對小朋友戶外活動影響較大，「他們會怕去上體育堂，因為又曬、又出不到汗、又辛苦，他們的運動耐力就會差」，可能會被教師誤會成懶惰、頑皮的表現。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">盛醫生指出，經典型患者可透過血液測試酵素含量斷症，他們的病症發展頗相似，兒童時期出現神經系統等病徵後，如沒有合適治療，約10至15年後腎臟或心臟便會開始慢慢衰竭，「去到四五十歲，大部分病人都需要洗腎」，患者通常在50多歲離世。</span></p>
<h4><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><strong>晚發型 易混淆其他心腎疾病</strong></span></h4>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">至於香港較常見的晚發型，患者男女皆有，發病年齡可遲至50歲，有些甚至更遲才發病，視乎基因病變的型號，盛醫生形容：「好多五六十歲，是退休人士來的了。」</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">盛醫生指晚發型主要影響病人腎臟、心臟功能，部分人出現心肌肥大，甚至中風。與經典型不同，晚發型患者特別是女性，酵素含量可能處於正常或稍低於正常水平，較難透過血液測試診斷，因此要透過基因檢測，或提取腎臟或心臟組織化驗以確診。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">不過盛醫生坦承，晚發型病人的心腎毛病容易與其他疾病混淆，若情況未到嚴重程度，醫生亦未必會考慮到抽取組織化驗，有可能令病人較遲才確診。</span></p>
<h4><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><strong>性別基因遺傳 家庭篩查尋患者</strong></span></h4>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">盛醫生指出，不論是經典型或晚發型，如果病人有相關家族病史，確診過程則會快得多。法布瑞氏症屬於X染色體遺傳疾病，人體由一對性染色體來決定性別，男性為XY，女性為XX，法布瑞氏症的帶病基因存在於X染色體中，一般來說若男性遺傳到帶病基因的話，影響會較女性大。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">盛醫生說，遺傳病影響整個家庭，當得知某一家庭成員確診法布瑞氏症，通常都會建議家人做基因篩查，「篩查可以找到一些未有徵狀，或剛剛開始有徵狀的病人」。如此有助辨別早期病變，及早治療。</span></p>
<h4><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><strong>酵素替代治療 器官衰竭前適用</strong></span></h4>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">法布瑞氏症現存並未有根治的方法，盛醫生指現時香港的治療方案是徵狀舒緩，例如針對病人的腎病或心臟問題對症下藥，另外配合酵素替代治療，病人約每兩周到醫院注射體內所缺乏的酵素，舒緩溶酶體沉積情況，減慢器官功能衰竭速度。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">盛醫生強調，在病人開始有徵狀時使用酵素替代法成效較佳，特別是年輕發病的經典型患者，「如果他用藥的時候腎功能正常，那他的腎功能一路十多廿年都可以保持得好正常」，但當器官功能已受損時才用藥，可以逆轉的程度一定愈少，「到器官衰竭的時候，基本上就無用」。</span></p>
<p><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="alignnone wp-image-1884 size-large" src="https://rarelsd.mingpao.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/article-photo-1024x683.jpg" alt="" width="1024" height="683" srcset="https://rarelsd.mingpao.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/article-photo-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https://rarelsd.mingpao.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/article-photo-300x200.jpg 300w, https://rarelsd.mingpao.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/article-photo-768x512.jpg 768w, https://rarelsd.mingpao.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/article-photo-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://rarelsd.mingpao.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/article-photo.jpg 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt;">腦神經科專科醫生盛斌（圖）表示，現時約有50多名法布瑞氏症病人在公營醫院接受治療。</span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt;">References</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt;">1. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Fabry disease. Retrieved October 20, 2021, from https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/6400/fabry-disease.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt;">2. Eng CM, et al. Genet Med 2006:8:539-48</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt;">3. Schiffmann R, et al. Genet Med. 2016;18:1181-5</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt;">4. Michaud M, et al. Am J Med Sci. 2020;360:641-9</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt;">5. Motabar O, et al. Curr Chem Genomics. 2010;4:50-6</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt;">This article is supported by Sanofi Hong Kong Limited</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt;">MAT-HK-2101183-1.0-11/2021</span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
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		<title>當肌肉失去力量—也說龐貝氏症</title>
		<link>https://rarelsd.mingpao.com/%e9%be%90%e8%b2%9d%e6%b0%8f%e7%97%87/%e7%95%b6%e8%82%8c%e8%82%89%e5%a4%b1%e5%8e%bb%e5%8a%9b%e9%87%8f-%e4%b9%9f%e8%aa%aa%e9%be%90%e8%b2%9d%e6%b0%8f%e7%97%87/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[mpadmin]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 01 Feb 2022 07:30:15 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[龐貝氏症]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[廖鑑添]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[肌肉]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[肌肉力量]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://uat-rarelsd.mingpao.com/?p=1750</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[龐貝氏症的患者因為基因出現問題，先天缺少一種負責分解肝醣的酵素「酸性α-麥芽酵素（acid alpha-glu &#8230;<p class="read-more"> <a class="" href="https://rarelsd.mingpao.com/%e9%be%90%e8%b2%9d%e6%b0%8f%e7%97%87/%e7%95%b6%e8%82%8c%e8%82%89%e5%a4%b1%e5%8e%bb%e5%8a%9b%e9%87%8f-%e4%b9%9f%e8%aa%aa%e9%be%90%e8%b2%9d%e6%b0%8f%e7%97%87/"> <span class="screen-reader-text">當肌肉失去力量—也說龐貝氏症</span> Read More &#187;</a></p>]]></description>
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<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">龐貝氏症的患者因為基因出現問題，先天缺少一種負責分解肝醣的酵素「酸性α-麥芽酵素（acid alpha-glucosidase，GAA）」，身體無法正常代謝肝醣，導致肝醣不斷堆積而損害肌肉功能，最終導致呼吸困難及引致心臟衰竭而死亡。它在國際上的病發率為1:40000至1:15000之間。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">此病症大部份患者都屬染色體隱性遺傳，如父母親雙方同為缺陷基因帶因者，所生的小孩有四分一機會遺傳此症；根據以往病例，同一組家庭中，兄弟姐妹間都有機會出現相關的病例，所以遺傳諮詢亦相當重要。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">龐貝氏症分為嬰兒型和晚發型兩種。前者出生不久已發病，導致肌肉無力，嬰兒像毛公仔般趴在床上，難以自行轉身，同時亦會出現心肌肥厚、 呼吸困難的情況，如不予適當治療，多於一歲前夭折。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">晚發型龐貝氏症在兒童一歲以後、成年甚至年長的階段也有機會出現，徵狀主要是肌肉及呼吸方面出現問題。例如病人會出現肌肉無力，軀幹或下肢無力；有些病人會因為腰脊乏力而難以起床。亦有一些人是呼吸困難、胸悶、甚至需要呼吸機幫助呼吸，歸根究底， 都是龐貝氏症引起橫膈肌與肋間肌無力所致。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">現時，香港確診嬰兒型的龐貝氏症，多數經由醫生幫助新生嬰兒檢查時發現，相比晚發型龐貝氏症較容易發現及獲得適切的治療；如病人有懷疑的情況，可先徵詢醫生建議，再進行酵素檢查、肌電圖（EMG）、心電圖等檢查，如檢查結果有異常再進行基因檢查以確診。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 18pt;">治療方面，酵素替代療法（Enzyme Replacement Therapy, ERT）是現有的療法，它的原理是將病人缺乏的 GAA 酵素定期注射至血液中，補充不足，以延緩肌肉受損害的情況。但由於肌肉及心臟的損傷難以逆轉，因此龐貝氏症最重要是早發現、早治療。及早接受酵素替代療法，以避免肌肉受病情影响而續漸地受損，變得無力，又或因為呼吸困難需要使用呼吸機而影响日常生活。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt;">資料來源：由兒科專科醫生廖鑑添醫生提供</span></p>
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                                                                            padding:0px;
                                                                        display: block;
                        text-decoration: none;
                                            }
                                        .related-post .post-list .item .post_excerpt{
                                                    font-size:13px;
                                                                            color:#3f3f3f;
                                                                            margin:10px 0px;
                                                                            padding:0px;
                                                                        display: block;
                        text-decoration: none;
                                            }
                    
                    @media only screen and (min-width: 1024px ){
                .related-post .post-list .item{
                    width: 30%;
                }
            }

            @media only screen and ( min-width: 768px ) and ( max-width: 1023px ) {
                .related-post .post-list .item{
                    width: 90%;
                }
            }

            @media only screen and ( min-width: 0px ) and ( max-width: 767px ){
                .related-post .post-list .item{
                    width: 90%;
                }
            }

            


    </style>
        </div>
    ]]></content:encoded>
					
		
		
			</item>
	</channel>
</rss>
